Extreme Optimization > QuickStart Samples > Cubic Splines QuickStart Sample (C#)

Extreme Optimization QuickStart Samples

Cubic Splines QuickStart Sample (C#)

Illustrates interpolation using natural and clamped cubic splines using classes in the Extreme.Mathematics.Curves namespace in C#.

VB.NET code Back to QuickStart Samples

using System;

namespace Extreme.Mathematics.QuickStart.CSharp
{
    // The CubicSpline class resides in the 
    // Extreme.Mathematics.Curves namespace.
    using Extreme.Mathematics.Curves;

    /// <summary>
    /// Illustrates the use of the Constant class in the
    /// Extreme.Mathematics.Curve namespace of the Extreme Optimization 
    /// Mathematics Library for .NET.
    /// </summary>
    class CubicSplines
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// The main entry point for the application.
        /// </summary>
        [STAThread]
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // A cubic spline is a piecewise curve that is made up
            // of pieces of cubic polynomials. Its value as well as its first
            // derivative are continuous, giving it a smooth appearance.
            // 
            // Cubic splines are implemented by the CubicSpline class, 
            // which inherits from PiecewiseCurve.
            //
            // For an example of piecewise constant and piecewise 
            // linear curves, see the PiecewiseCurves QuickStart
            // Sample.
            //

            // 
            // Creating Cubic Splines
            //

            // In order to define a spline curve completely, two extra
            // conditions must be imposed.

            // 'Natural' splines have zero second derivatives. This is
            // the default.

            // The data points are specified as double arrays containing
            // the x and y values:
            double[] xValues = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
            double[] yValues = {1, 3, 4, 3, 4, 2};
            CubicSpline naturalSpline = new CubicSpline(xValues, yValues);

            // 'Clamped' splines have a fixed slope or first derivative at the 
            // leftmost and rightmost points. The slopes are specified as
            // two extra parameters in the constructor:
            CubicSpline clampedSpline = new CubicSpline(xValues, yValues, -1, 1);

            //
            // Curve Parameters
            //

            // The shape of any curve is determined by a set of parameters.
            // These parameters can be retrieved and set through the
            // Parameters collection. The number of parameters for a curve 
            // is given by this collection's Count property.
            //
            // Cubic splines have 2n+2 parameters, where n is the number of
            // data points. The first n parameters are the x-values. The next
            // n parameters are the y-values. The last two parameters are
            // the values of the derivative at the first and last point. For natural
            // splines, these parameters are unused.

            Console.WriteLine("naturalSpline.Parameters.Count = {0}", 
                naturalSpline.Parameters.Count);
            // Parameters can easily be retrieved:
            Console.WriteLine("naturalSpline.Parameters[0] = {0}", 
                naturalSpline.Parameters[0]);
            // Parameters can also be set:
            naturalSpline.Parameters[0] = 1;

            //
            // Piecewise curve methods and properties
            //

            // The NumberOfIntervals property returns the number of subintervals
            // on which the curve has unique definitions.
            Console.WriteLine("Number of intervals: {0}",
                naturalSpline.NumberOfIntervals);

            // The IndexOf method returns the index of the interval
            // that contains a specific value.
            Console.WriteLine("naturalSpline.IndexOf(1.4) = {0}",
                naturalSpline.IndexOf(1.4));
            // The method returns -1 when the value is smaller than the lower bound
            // of the first interval, and NumberOfIntervals if the value is equal to
            // or larger than the upper bound of the last interval.

            //
            // Curve Methods
            //

            // The ValueAt method returns the y value of the
            // curve at the specified x value:
            Console.WriteLine("naturalSpline.ValueAt(2.4) = {0}", naturalSpline.ValueAt(2.4));

            // The SlopeAt method returns the slope of the curve
            // a the specified x value:
            Console.WriteLine("naturalSpline.SlopeAt(2) = {0}", naturalSpline.SlopeAt(2));
            // You can verify that the clamped spline has the correct slope at the end points:
            Console.WriteLine("clampedSpline.SlopeAt(1) = {0}", clampedSpline.SlopeAt(1));
            Console.WriteLine("clampedSpline.SlopeAt(6) = {0}", clampedSpline.SlopeAt(6));

            // Cubic splines do not have a defined derivative. The GetDerivative method
            // returns a GeneralCurve:
            Curve derivative = naturalSpline.GetDerivative();
            Console.WriteLine("Type of derivative: {0}", derivative.GetType().ToString());
            Console.WriteLine("derivative(2) = {0}", derivative.ValueAt(2));

            // You can get a Line that is the tangent to a curve
            // at a specified x value using the TangentAt method:
            Line tangent = clampedSpline.TangentAt(2);
            Console.WriteLine("Slope of tangent line at 2 = {0}",
                tangent.Slope);

            // The integral of a spline curve can be calculated exactly. This technique is
            // often used to approximate the integral of a tabulated function:
            Console.WriteLine("Integral of naturalSpline between 1.4 and 4.6 = {0}",
                naturalSpline.Integral(1.4, 4.6));

            Console.Write("Press Enter key to exit...");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

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